Entertainment was provided at theaters, amphitheaters, circuses, racetracks, etc on religious holidays (up to 135 per year) when no work was allowed.Wheat was therefore cheaply imported and flour often free.The people could be kept happy with cheap food (Bread) and entertainment (Circus).Life could be miserable for average Romans, and the government was usually corrupt.How to Keep the People Happy: Bread and Circus Most of Scotland and all of Ireland were never conquered.In 122 AD Emperor Hadrian ordered construction of a wall to keep out the barbarian Scots & Picts.In 60 AD Celtic queen Boudicea started a major uprising against the Romans that was defeated.Many campaigns fought between Roman army and Celtic Britons.Romans established a capital at Londinium (modern London).The Five Good Emperors: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius.Julian Emperors: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero.

Most of these programs would be continued by other emperors.Constructed highways connecting the provinces to Rome and each other.Encouraged trade, and eliminated taxes on goods traded within the empire.Lasts until 480 AD in the West, 1453 AD in the East.Begins in 27 BC, when Octavian takes the name Augustus Caesar and becomes the first emperor.

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